Squires, John R., and Richard T. Reynolds. 1997. “Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis).” The Birds of North America, edited by Paul G. Rodewald. Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved from the Birds of North America: https://birdsna.org/Species-Account/bna/species/norgos doi: 10.2173/bna.298