Jackson, Jerome A., and Henri R. Ouellet. 2002. “Downy Woodpecker (Picoides pubescens).” The Birds of North America, edited by Paul G. Rodewald. Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved from the Birds of North America: https://birdsna.org/Species-Account/bna/species/dowwoo doi: 10.2173/bna.613