Gammonley, James H., and Leigh H. Fredrickson. 1995. “Life History and Management of the Blue-winged Teal.” Segment 13.1.8 in Waterfowl Management Handbook, edited by Diana H. Cross and Paul Vohs, 1–7. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. http://www.nwrc.usgs.gov/wdb/pub/wmh/contents.html