Heath, Shane R., Erica H. Dunn, and David J. Agro. 2009. “Black Tern (Chlidonias niger).” The Birds of North America, edited by Paul G. Rodewald. Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved from the Birds of North America: https://birdsna.org/Species-Account/bna/species/blkter doi: 10.2173/bna.147