Kirk, David A., and Michael J. Mossman. 1998. “Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura).” The Birds of North America, edited by Paul G. Rodewald. Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved from the Birds of North America: https://birdsna.org/Species-Account/bna/species/turvul doi: 10.2173/bna.339