Boag, David A., and Michael A. Schroeder. 1992. “Spruce Grouse (Falcipennis canadensis).” The Birds of North America, edited by Paul G. Rodewald. Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved from the Birds of North America: https://birdsna.org/Species-Account/bna/species/sprgro doi: 10.2173/bna.5