Pearce, John, Mark L. Mallory, and Karen Metz. 2015. “Common Merganser (Mergus merganser).” The Birds of North America, edited by Paul G. Rodewald. Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved from the Birds of North America: https://birdsna.org/Species-Account/bna/species/commer doi: 10.2173/bna.442