Peer, Brian D., and Eric K. Bollinger. 1997. “Common Grackle (Quiscalus quiscula).” The Birds of North America, edited by Paul G. Rodewald. Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved from the Birds of North America: https://birdsna.org/Species-Account/bna/species/comgra doi: 10.2173/bna.271