Reed, J. Michael, Lewis W. Oring, and Elizabeth M. Gray. 2013. “Spotted Sandpiper (Actitis macularius).” The Birds of North America, edited by Paul G. Rodewald. Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved from the Birds of North America: https://birdsna.org/Species-Account/bna/species/sposan doi: 10.2173/bna.289