Rusch, Donald H., Stephen Destefano, Michael C. Reynolds, and David Lauten. 2000. “Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus).” The Birds of North America, edited by Paul G. Rodewald. Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved from the Birds of North America: https://birdsna.org/Species-Account/bna/species/rufgro doi: 10.2173/bna.515